Computer Security Regarding the Submarine

Question: Describe about the Computer Security for Regarding the Submarine. Answer: Part A: Computer Security Breach leads to leakage of Sensitive Submarine Information This report critically analyses the incident of security breach that has resulted in leaking of sensitive information about the Scorpene submarine that has been designed by France (Can French keep a secret?, 2016). There is no more serious incident than disclosure of the stealth secret of a country. Hence the report will focus on the questions like how did the incident occur, why did it occur and the possible solutions to the leak. A.1) The Problem The author Cameron Stewart discuss in The Australian about the latest security breach which has made sensitive information regarding the Scorpene submarine public. A submarine technology is as effective as the amount of stealth and secret it can maintain. The leaked DCNA (Direction des Constructions Navales) documents carry bolt to bolt details about the submarines capability and combat abilities along with the weaknesses (Scorpne data leak: Who is responsible for the massive information security breach? - Firstpost, 2016). The major victims of the leak are India, Malaysia, Chile and Brazil who operate the Scorpene submarine. The breach will compromise the security of the six submarine fleet that is maintained by India. This incident will further deteriorate the security condition of the country. The project that has been valued more than 3.5 billion USD was being built at Mumbai docks. The deal was inked in 2005 and leaked document shows a detailed technical specification which wil l make it easier to detect the Scorpene submarine (Joseph, 2016). A.2) How and Why did the breach happen The data and the documents that reached The Australian via mail did not contain any detail regarding the submarine. The Australian made the news public as Australia has contracted DCNS for building Shortfin Barracuda Submarines. The leak happened at the DCNS side as it contained sensitive information about other frigates and amphibious ships which have been planned to be sold to Chile and Russia. The document that has been leaked is the year 2011 document that has been used as framework for building the submarines. The leak not only have created security risk for the buyers but has also defamed the suppliers and its subcontractors. The latest leak has been attributed to lesser awareness of the contractors about the IP (Intellectual Property) protection. DCNSs leak is an eye opener that IP in this modern world of connectivity is hard to maintain and should be taken seriously (French submarine maker data breach highlights challenges of IP security, 2016). DCNS also claim that it has be en a victim of economic warfare, and it is for sure that after this incident there are few people who will trust company with their sensitive information. Various reasons have been attributed to the security breach like lack of awareness about the IP protection and data classification and protection. Intellectual Property (IP) protection is a very difficult task as it involves various stages of security involved for the protection and maintenance. Since today due to interconnectivity everything is connected to every other thing maintaining the security has become tougher. Maintaining IP is more difficult compared to other data because these data are extremely unstructured (French submarine maker data breach highlights challenges of IP security, 2016). Apart from being unstructured the work upon it is done in various segments so the full value of the data often goes unrealised by the individual working upon it. It should also be understood that the failure to understand the importance of data classification and its protection too gives rise to security breaches. If the data is not classified according to its importance and security implication, it is bound to be grouped with lesser important files which will result in access to data by unwanted personnel or hackers thus leading to leakage of information (Barile, 2014). A.3) The possible solutions There is no definite outcome for internet security breaches as the hackers and personnel do evolve with the increasing security. But the task for them can be made harder. One possible solution for the problem could be restructuring architecting the security from the very beginning. So that the security is designed to be hard to crack, easy for upkeep and recovery is smooth (StjepandiĆ¡ Liese Trappey 2015). The segmented approach will go a long way in preventing the data. Alarms can be embedded into the system to show any movement of data. The importance of data should be well understood and the classification and segmentation should be for a better understanding of security. Hence, the various aspects of the computer security have been discussed. The recent incident related to a computer security breach in France which has resulted in the release of sensitive information about submarines has been analyzed. The questions like how and why were answered and solutions were pro vided for restricting such breaches. Part B: The Anthem Medical Data Breach B.1) Problem Statement An American healthcare company Anthem Inc. which was founded in the 1940s was hacked in 2015. Anthem Inc. on 4th, Feb 2015 disclosed the fact about the network security breach that has led to the theft of 37.5 million records containing user information from its server. On a later day in February, the company further increased the number, of records that were stolen, to 78.8 million. According to the information provided by the organization the security breach compromised records of various brands of the company like Anthem Blue Cross, Blue Shields, etc. The company further confirmed that the breach didn't compromise with the financial data and the medical information of the members and patients. But other details like names, e-mail IDs, medical IDs, birthdays, social security numbers, income data, employment information, have been compromised and according to the report in The New York Times' could be used for identity theft. To prevent victimization, the firm has asked the persons to be careful regarding their accounts as vigilance might help to reduce the damage of identity theft. B.2) Affected People According to the data released by the company 78.8 million people have been affected by the theft. If the data USA Today are to be believed, then the number of affect mass could increase to 80 million. The data that has been compromised include every data needed for identity theft like name, social security number, etc. The stolen data of 80 million people could be used for identity theft hence making a large populace vulnerable to identity cloning. Identity theft is a deliberate use of others identity to gain financial advantages. Hence it can be easily understood that people whose details have been compromised are living in fear. The organization Anthem Inc. also maintains thousands of HighMark customers whose information was compromised. The CEO of the company addressed the sufferers of the incident and apologized for the same, thus creating a lot of fuss about the issue. The breach has shaken the investor confidence, and the company has been struggling to maintain the market share that it previously had. The customers too have been skeptical about the security policies of the company and fears investing with it. Although no incident of identity theft has been recorded till now due to the security breach but the possibility and the impact of the breach has been profound. B.3) Details of Attack Carried Out The company was on its way to implementing two-tier securities before which the breach totally took the IT expert of the company by shock. As per the report by J. K. Wall, as soon as the security breach was found all the system with a single level of safety was shut down. Before the attack, only individual level authentication was done by recording the username and password, so hackers acquired the combination of two and started the breach for weeks. Although at final stages hacker had all the information needed for accessing the sensitive data, the company is still not sure about the source of the initial breach. Every company makes a trade-off between the ease of handling system and the involved security for making the system both easy to use and user-friendly. This can result in minor challenges for the system which the hackers use to gain access to the network. The data about the patients constituted around 35 GB of disc space and was moved in small chunks to avoid unwanted attention and had been done for weeks to before the breach was noticed. B.4) Possible Solution to Prevent the Attack It had been mentioned in the previous section that the IT experts were just a few weeks away from implementing a two-tier security system. Once the system was in place, the hackers might not have been able to breach the security. So it can be easily understood that single level security is unsafe, and a multi-level security is the need of the time. Apart from multi-level security, the IT professionals should be more proactive to stop any attack on the system. According to The LA Times initial attempts of hacking were detected and deflected, but the final one went unnoticed for six weeks. It is estimated that the hacker was extremely persistent and might have gained access to the system using phishing on of the IT managers. References Anthem data breach could affect affiliate customers, including Highmark. (2016).Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.post-gazette.com/business/tech-news/2015/02/06/Anthem-data-breach-could-affect-affiliate-customers-including-Highmark/stories/201502060059 Barile, I., Wootton, B., Kessler, D., Upadhyay, R. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,695,090. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Can French keep a secret?. (2016).Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/itll-be-50bn-down-the-gurgler-ifthe-french-cant-keep-a-secret/news-story/535be2819009eb7180b468ef5751f7fb Data Breach at Health Insurer Anthem Could Impact Millions Krebs on Security. (2016).Krebsonsecurity.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://krebsonsecurity.com/2015/02/data-breach-at-health-insurer-anthem-could-impact-millions/ Details of Anthem's massive cyber attack remain in the dark a year later. (2016).Modern Healthcare. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20160330/NEWS/160339997 Forbes Welcome. (2016).Forbes.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2015/12/31/data-breaches-in-healthcare-total-over-112-million-records-in-2015/#43f5c8937fd5 French submarine maker data breach highlights challenges of IP security. (2016).ComputerWeekly. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450303120/French-submarine-maker-data-breach-highlights-challenges-of-IP-security Goldstein, R. (2016).Millions of Anthem Customers Targeted in Cyberattack.Nytimes.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/05/business/hackers-breached-data-of-millions-insurer-says.html?_r=0 Joseph, J. (2016).Scorpene data leak Not a tight ship, submarine project leaked like a sieve.The Hindu. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/scorpene-data-leak-not-a-tight-ship-submarine-project-leaked-like-a-sieve/article9027165.ece Riley, C. (2016).Insurance giant Anthem hit by a massive data breach.CNNMoney. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://money.cnn.com/2015/02/04/technology/anthem-insurance-hack-data-security/ Scorpne data leak: Who is responsible for the massive information security breach? - Firstpost. (2016).Firstpost. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.firstpost.com/world/scorpene-submarine-leak-who-is-responsible-for-the-massive-information-security-breach-2976018.html StjepandiĆ¡, J., Liese, H., Trappey, A. J. (2015). Intellectual property protection. InConcurrent Engineering in the 21st Century(pp. 521-551). Springer International Publishing. The massive breach at health care company Anthem Inc.. (2016).USA TODAY. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/02/04/health-care-anthem-hacked/22900925/ Times, L. (2016).Anthem is warning consumers about its huge data breach. Here's a translation..latimes.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-mh-anthem-is-warning-consumers-20150306-column.html

The Homeless What Has Been Done To Decrease The Problem Essay Example For Students

The Homeless: What Has Been Done To Decrease The Problem? Essay One of the largest growing concerns in Toronto is the constantlyincreasing number of citizens who are finding themselves living on thestreets. With the decrease in the number of available jobs, the populationof homeless people has literally boomed. My questions are not as simple toanswer as they may appear. Why is a large portion of our community forcedto live on the streets? What has be done to decrease the problem? Theseare the questions I will confront in my essay. With the economical wealth attributed to the name Canada, one wouldhave to wonder why there is a homeless situation at all. This problem isespecially evident in Canadas wealthiest city, Toronto. When it comes tothe affairs of the people, it is the government who should intervene. WhenI look at what the government has done with regard to the homeless problem,I have to doubt that everything is being done to eradicate it. The UnitedNations implemented a universal declaration of human rights. Article 25Section 1 of this declaration states: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the healthand well being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing,housing, and medical care and necessary social services, and to the rightto security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood,old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. We will write a custom essay on The Homeless: What Has Been Done To Decrease The Problem? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is a step in the right direction. However, this is not enough. These rights are subject to the discretion of the government of the countrywho decides to obey these universal rights. How much is adequate? The government, both at the federal and municipal levels, is currentlyworking on new spending cuts. These cuts also include spending on welfare,unemployment and social services that are geared towards helping thehomeless. Spending cuts can be seen as a necessity to maintain the countryeconomically, but the reason for having a government in the first place isto take care of the people. How can this be done when money is being takenaway from those services that are necessary to uphold this obligation?Simply put, it cannot. Those obligations are served by nonprofitorganizations who depend on government grants to maintain a standard ofcare for those who need the services. The blame cannot be placed only on the government. Such a system ofassistance depends on its beneficiaries to be honest and have someintegrity. Many recipients of these services attempt to cheat thesystem. With no will to search for work many of these recipients remainat home and reap the benefits of their weekly cheques. This causes thegovernment to create other services to control the amounts of money beingdistributed to those people. This process is costly and would beunnecessary if all of the recipients decided to take an honest approach tothis service. What can the government do to decrease the homeless population?Although there is no quick and easy answer to solve this difficult problem,Toronto has the means to attempt economical ways to research and come upwith ideas to solve it. Here in Ontario we have many excellentuniversities and colleges with equally excellent students who are takingcourses in the political sciences. If the government were to cooperatewith these universities and colleges and have them work in conjunction withthe current research groups, then the answer to decrease the homelesspopulation would be effectively answered. The government would encounterlittle expense and at the same time give the students a chance to implementwhat they are learning into real life situations. Everyone benefits fromthis idea and there are no losers. .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 , .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .postImageUrl , .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 , .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:hover , .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:visited , .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:active { border:0!important; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:active , .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4 .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51e2285e3c2fee61778d3cb3bd6b4be4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ROSA pARKS Essay In conclusion I think that our homeless problem could eventually berooted out entirely if everyone were to take part in the care of theirfellow neighbour. If we were to stop being self-centered and startthinking about the other person who has less than us, I am sure that wewould benefit from it. It isnt all that hard. A few advertisements onthe television and radio, a little push from our societys leaders and wewould be off on the right track. That worked for the recycling program. Now we should try employing this idea for even better reasons. I doubt thatI will be around to see this idea in use all around the world, but I dohope that I can one day see it used here in Toronto. To assist all thehomeless here in Toronto would be a very nice thing to see. The best partof it all would be to know that we, as a society, would be able to worktogether despite all the barriers created by racism and our naive naturewhen it comes to other heritages.

Argumentative Essay Sample For Middle School Students

Argumentative Essay Sample For Middle School StudentsArgumentative essay samples for middle school students help to craft meaningful and informed responses to argumentative essays written by their classmates. These arguments are used in writing projects, essays and presentations as well as in the classroom. They can also be used to prepare for conversations with teachers or other students about controversial topics such as religion and gender.Argumentative essay samples for middle school students often provide alternatives to students' usual style of writing. In order to create a solid argument, students need to think about the points being made. This requires them to come up with creative ways to make their point. Good essay examples help students apply research methods to their essays, thinking about how those methods can be applied to current events and make sense of the writer's point of view.Writing argumentative essays for middle school students is a good way to improve skills such as critical thinking and logical reasoning. The essay examples contain questions that students need to answer using their knowledge and understanding of the topic being covered. The essay samples also usually provide step-by-step directions on how to write a persuasive essay and how to support their arguments.Each essay consists of several paragraphs, each of which includes a thesis statement, argumentative statements, conclusion statements and supporting evidence statements. Supporting evidence can come from a number of places. It could come from a personal experience, an objective observation, reference to other related topics, literature and history, and just about any other source.Argumentative essay samples for middle school students can be used to address different types of topics. For example, students may write arguments against traditional gender roles in the home, a good example would be 'Do you think it is okay for a girl to be dominant?' For science topics, argument ative essays could be used to discuss evolutionary theory, geology, or astronomy. Argumentative essay samples for middle school students are also useful in evaluating one's own work. If a student has written a convincing argument, she will be able to use the information in an essay that is both interesting and informative. By reading an argumentative essay, students will be able to see whether they are getting their point across and whether they really understand the material being presented.Argumentative essay samples for middle school students can be used to prepare for discussions with adults about controversial issues. In addition, they can be used to inform students about how they can apply their argumentative abilities in the real world. The argumentative essay samples also show how to compose and format a persuasive essay.Argumentative essay samples for middle school students are a great resource for preparing for different types of topics and making arguments that readers ca n appreciate. Argumentative essays give students a chance to apply their own and others' knowledge and understanding to a complex topic. Students can prepare for debates, learn how to argue successfully, and increase their ability to communicate their point of view.

Catcher in the Rye & The Fall essays

Catcher in the Rye & The Fall essays In Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield struggles to accept the idea that a Fall is inevitable until he experiences one of his own. The Fall is the loss of innocence and the first encounter with "deceit, duplicity, and evil" in the world. It is a process necessary to "psychological growth" that must be experienced by everyone. Holden is unable to accept this idea and responds by retreating into his own oversimplified view of the world. Holden separates his environment into two groups of people: the innocent, the children, those who have not fallen, and the adults, the superficial, the "phonies," those who have experienced a fall. The turning point for this is adolescence. Holden desires to protect children and himself from going through a Fall, and is willing to do anything to achieve his goal. He fantasizes of becoming the "Catcher in the Rye," protecting innocent children from falling off an imaginary cliff. Holden wants to shield these children from the cruelties of change and the adult world. He wants his world to stay the same, just like the world in the museum, but does not realize that with the Fall comes maturity and an inevitable sense of ones life being lived. Holdens view of the Fall involves the loss of purity for corruption and evil while it is actually the gain of knowledge through experience. In order to have a Fall, one must first go through an Encounter. Holden experiences this when he passes out in the museum. After he rises, he says that he feels better. Even though the Fall involves pain, it is necessary and creates a new condition, the condition of being Fallen. Holden leaves the tomb in this state, and begins to let go of his idea of the world as a "timeless world where the sunrise is always the same. Holden has an Encounter, experiences a Fall, and gains knowledge from it. Like the Adam figure, the g...

Nursing Precpetor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing Precpetor - Essay Example This definition describes the many roles or functions the preceptor fills, and illustrates how difficult and complex it is to be a preceptor. Furthermore, being a preceptor is especially important since it affects the quality of care given by preceptees (the new nurses or student nurses which are taught and guided by the preceptors) to patients. As highlighted in the analysis of the available literature on the subject, preceptorship is an "essential part of the socialization and professional development of nurses with a new registerable qualification" (OMalley, Cunlitte & Breeze, 2000. It was also found by Davis (2003) that the professional development of nurses, which is incorporated in the preceptorship program, is linked to high quality service provision (as cited in Davidson, Glasper & Donaldson, 2005). Hence, it is obvious that the preceptorship improves the quality of care being given to patients. A preceptor has many responsibilities, which can be divided into two groups- fundamental responsibilities and procedural responsibilities. The ones of the former group are: commitment to the role of the preceptor and desire to teach and share expertise with co-workers. The responsibilities of the latter group, the procedural responsibilities, include: orientation and socialization or the preceptees to the unit, assessment of the developing objectives of the preceptees, being a role model, observing and evaluating the preceptees, giving constructive criticism and supporting, facilitating preceptees development, supervising patient care provided by the preceptees to ensure it is safe and competent nursing, documenting a summary of the preceptees performance and maintaining strict confidentiality of all preceptee-related information (OMalley, Cunlitte & Breeze, 2000, Smith, 2006). The complexity and multiplicity of the preceptors responsibilities were recognized by Cerinus and Ferguson (1994), and were

Outline Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outline Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, - Essay Example This essay would further describe the Hierarchy of needs and would tell as to how the theory is relevant when it comes to use in organizations (Institute of Management 1998). Hierarchy of needs is a theory which can be implemented into practice in organizations because of the context in which it was written. It tells the employers about the human nature and how necessary it is to fulfill the requirements of these individuals in order to attain high performance. The hierarchy of needs is divided into five major representations by Maslow. These needs are basically formatted into a pyramid which shows how they are important. In basic terminology this hierarchy of needs is divided into physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self actualization (Institute of Management 1998; Viles 2008). Following is the list that provides the overview of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: It can be derived from the above list that the biological needs are the first ones which need to be fulfilled. Biological needs are the basic necessities of life without which a person cannot survive. Breathing, shelter and biological factors such as homeostasis can be counted in these needs. All these factors are necessary for an individual to survive. If this need is fulfilled then the next human need is of safety. Safety is described in different contexts by Maslow as in the general world this safety implies to be something which is related to justice and freedom whereas in a work environment this safety means the safety of job. In a work environment this safety can also mean the incentives provided for the safety of an individual by the employer when the employee is in need of help. In general it is all what a human may need after his basic needs of survival are fulfilled. After the human needs of safety are fulfilled Maslow states that humans usually run for love and belongingn ess. By love and belongingness here he means that humans need affection from their fellow

Robert Browning Essay Essay Example for Free

Robert Browning Essay Essay Browning gave life to the dramatic monologue and made it a distinctive and memorable poetic form. Browning was fascinated with human behaviour, particularly the darker side of humanity and he believed that the dramatic monologue enabled him to create very powerful masks and ‘tell the truth obliquely’. As we become aware that the characters are wearing masks, the layers of artifice or self-deception is where the real persona exits. Browning’s poems open the minds of his readers, allowing for exploration and the discovery of the dark side of human nature: in the context of his dramatic monologue, character revelations are discovered. In Robert Browning’s, My Last Duchess we are introduced to a rich, arrogant and authoritarian Duke of Ferara. Browning immediately establishes the technique apostrophe as the Duke begins to speak to an unseen character about his late wife. The Duke displays feelings of nervousness towards the death of his wife but also speaks in a revengeful and controlling tone. In comparison to the Duke is a young man who is tormented by an elderly man’s light blue eye in the short story ‘The Tell Tale Heart’ by Edger Allan Poe. Both main characters share personality flaws of the need for control over others and the lust for power and authority. Edger Allan Poe and Robert Browning demonstrate the use of an emerging theme in the Victorian era, ‘Goth’. This theme creates an externalisation of the composer’s characters, revealing their deepest passions and fears and the hunger for triumph of evil over good. Browning and Poe share the same love for the dark side of human nature and use the gothic theme to inject personality traits of insanity and madness into their characters. In the first sentence of ‘Tell Tale Heart’, the young man admits to being dreadfully nervous and asks us ‘but why would you think I’m mad?’ This immediately plants ideas of insanity and irrationalism in Poe’s character. Poe uses pathetic fallacy as a metonym as he speaks of the ‘night time darkness’ and with the quote â€Å"my secret deeds or thought†, this creates ideas of ‘the madness within’. Browning also taps into the thoughts of a madman in the characterisation of the Duke. The Duke speaks in favouritism of himself with high order and authority in his tone of voice. The Duke is blinded by his faults of vicious pride and revengeful jealousy over the lack of control in his Last Duchess and this  allows the audience to unravel the Dukes flaws and discover the villain that lay beneath. In the quote â€Å"This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together†, gives off the idea that the Duke enforced high power and control over his Duchess and uses double entendre to imply two possible meanings to his ideas of ‘then all smiles stopped’. Browning combines the contrasts of love and passion with violence and power to enable the depiction of a lovers mind. He reveals the macabre and grotesque side of a human’s urgency for companionship which in turn leads to insanity and madness in the eyes of a lover. â€Å"Youre the brother I never had. Im the brother you never had. I would do anything for you, Dickie†, is a quote from the film ‘The Talented Mr Ripley’; the story of a man named Tom Ripley who befriends a man names Dickie Greenleaf, becoming deeply infatuated by him and as Tom’s obsession grew it led to the grotesque murder and assumed identity of Dickie. This macabre murder performed by a jealous, love-crazed man can be presented in comparison with Robert Browning’s, ‘Porphyria’s Lover’; the first person recount of an anonymous narrator who kills his lover with her own hair. Both texts explore the urgency for everlasting human companionship that is driven by a lover’s madness. Porphyria’s lover uses powerful imagery, ‘shoulder bare’ and alliteration in ‘perfectly pure’ when he speaks of her beauty. Symbolism is also displayed in the name Porphyria which means rich and red in colour. This can symbolise either the grotesque murder of the Lover or the delicate but deep love expressed through Browning’s character. There is also the question of Tom Ripley’s sexuality. He is self-hating and ashamed as he stumbles about his desire for Dickie and tries to repress his sexual impulses. Empty and absent to himself, Ripley doesn’t merely want to poses the object of his affection, he wants to be him. In the quote, â€Å"I always thought itd be better to be a fake somebody than a real nobody†, shows Tom’s yearning to become a person of significance, someone to be sort after and loved. He shows personality traits of a psychotic man who would do anything to have a sense of belonging and purpose in life even if it meant assuming the identity of another to compensate for the loss of self- love within him. Browning invites his audience to uncover the real sense of truth  in his character’s situations that they do not discover themselves. He creates disequilibrium between what the speaker reveals about himself and thinks is the truth. The Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister and Doug Liman’s,’ The Bourne Identity’ are excellent examples of two strikingly vague men who are deceived by their own faults and follies and are unable to justify their real character traits. In the poem, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister, Robert Browning creates a nameless Spanish monk full of hypocrisy and jealousy. Throughout the poem, this monk expresses opinions of both himself and a fellow monk. Yet these opinions are not what the monk really thinks of himself as can be deciphered by a closer examination of the text. The monk, who is the speaker of the poem, attempts to convince the reader that he is a just, moral man. However it becomes apparent to the audience that this monk carries many hidden flaws that he reveals to us throughout his ranting. An example is shown in stanza 4 as our deceitful monk describes a scene of two nuns, washing their hair outside. The monk accuses Brother Lawrence of lusting after them. However in the quote That is, if hed let it show suggests there is no actual evidence of such thoughts of Brother Lawrence, revealing that the speaker, alone, noticed a need for such lust. In contrast the fictional character and protagonist Jason Bourne is a very quick-thinking, linear type of person who moves quickly and brutally towards his goal. He gives the impression of someone who has been severely traumatized. Jason Bourne was on a search for his own identity and discovered the worst. Bourne reveals about himself that he is a grotesque assassin and he begins to run from the horrible truth but we as the audience are able to see what he is truly like and that as he runs away from the truth, Bourne is bringing the audience closer to the real truth of his identity. He tries to convince himself of who he isn’t, ‘I dont wanna know who I am any more, everything I found out, I want to forget’.